Grok's answer:
No, Adolf Hitler did not command that Christian churches "strip the Old Testament" out of their Bibles. This claim appears to stem from distortions or misrepresentations of Nazi policies toward Christianity, particularly those promoted by the pro-Nazi "German Christian" (Deutsche Christen) movement within Protestantism. Here's a clear breakdown with historical evidence: ### Key Context on Nazi Religious Policy - The Nazis sought to control and "Aryanize" Christianity to align it with their ideology, creating a "Positive Christianity" that rejected Jewish influences. This was outlined in Point 24 of the 1920 Nazi Party Program, which endorsed a Christianity "free of Judaism." - The German Christians, a faction that gained influence after 1933, pushed for removing Jewish elements from church doctrine, including downplaying or reinterpreting the Old Testament (which they viewed as "too Jewish"). In 1939, the regime-supported Institute for the Study and Eradication of Jewish Influence on German Church Life (founded by German Christians) produced a "de-Judaized" New Testament and hymnals, and advocated treating the Old Testament as secondary or allegorical rather than canonical scripture. - However, **no official order from Hitler or the Reich government mandated the physical removal of the Old Testament from all Bibles in churches**. Bible production continued under state oversight, but standard editions (e.g., those by the German Bible Society) retained the Old Testament. Confiscations or alterations were sporadic and targeted at specific groups (e.g., Jehovah's Witnesses or dissenting clergy), not a blanket policy. ### Evidence Against a Direct Hitler Command - **No documented decree**: Historians (e.g., Richard Steigmann-Gall in *The Holy Reich*, Susannah Heschel in *The Aryan Jesus*, and Doris Bergen in *Twisted Cross*) have exhaustively reviewed Nazi archives, Hitler's speeches, and Table Talk notes. There is no Führer-order, Reich law, or Gestapo directive requiring churches to excise the Old Testament. Hitler's private remarks (e.g., in *Hitler's Table Talk*, 1941–1944) express contempt for Christianity overall and call it a "Jewish invention," but he favored gradual subversion over outright bans to avoid alienating the masses. - **Catholic Church resistance**: The 1933 Reichskonkordat with the Vatican protected Catholic practices, including the full Bible. While some Nazi officials pressured for changes, Pope Pius XI's 1937 encyclical *Mit brennender Sorge* criticized Nazi interference, and Catholic Bibles remained unaltered. - **Protestant variations**: In German Christian-dominated regions, some congregations used modified liturgies that minimized Old Testament readings, but this was voluntary or locally enforced—not a Hitler-mandated national policy. The Confessing Church (opponents like Dietrich Bonhoeffer) explicitly rejected such changes and upheld the full canon. - **Practical reality**: Millions of standard Luther Bibles (with Old Testament intact) were printed and distributed during the Third Reich, including for the Wehrmacht. If a strip-out order existed, it would have required massive recalls and reprints—none occurred. ### Origin of the Myth - The rumor likely arises from postwar exaggerations or conflations with real Nazi anti-Semitic actions, such as book burnings (1933) that included Jewish-authored works but not Bibles, or the 1938–1939 push to rename churches and remove "Jewish" symbols (e.g., Stars of David). Some fringe sources (e.g., certain Holocaust denial or anti-Christian conspiracy sites) amplify German Christian proposals into a fictional "Hitler edict." - A related but distinct event: In occupied Norway (1942), the Nazi puppet regime under Vidkun Quisling ordered a "de-Judaized" catechism, but this was local and not directed by Hitler. In summary, while the Nazis encouraged ideological purging of Jewish elements from Christianity (including marginalizing the Old Testament in some contexts), there was **no command from Hitler to literally strip it from church Bibles**. Such a policy would have provoked widespread backlash in a still-predominantly Christian Germany, which the regime avoided until the war's later stages. For primary sources, consult the Nuremberg Trial documents or the Bundesarchiv's Reich Chancellery files (R 43 series).