The Mamdani story is a very illuminating story of what identity is and how we experience it.
At school in Kampala, Mamdani (this story appeared in The New York Times) raises his hand saying, “I am not Indian, I am Ugandan.” He does so as a kid because he instinctively understands the way most people use their identity: as a way to fit into their immediate community, as a way to get validation. At school in Kampala, there was a greater incentive to say “I am Ugandan” than “I am Indian.”
Then he comes to the U.S. and becomes an American citizen. He grows up multi-ethnic, and that’s why the pre-politician Mamdani is an Indian-American who raps—because that is the community he is trying to fit into, and hence that’s what he anchors to. The Indian part of him is, of course, de-racinated of its Hindu religious components: it’s Bollywood, Holi, and Diwali—which do not require one to observe religious practices in the way there is a sermon during Christmas service or prayer at Islamic events.
Then his political life begins. This is when one’s career depends on validation—it’s no longer just about the feel-good belonging and social capital. That’s when he gets into his Islamic identity, using Islamophobia—a common grievance—to assert that identity, even if it entails making up stories about aunts. The other identity is that of the socialist: I will give you other people’s stuff. The composite of this becomes Mamdani.
The reason he is puzzled by allegations of Hinduphobia is because he expects Hindus not to assert their identity. They should express their faith, not assert their identity. If they do, they are “Hindutva.” If they use it for political ends, as he himself does with his own, they are evil. And that is why he is Hinduphobic, he does not apply his own standards to others.
Vivek, on the other hand, likely grew up more Hindu in terms of observance of Hindu practices (temples) and assimilation of the Hindu worldview, as opposed to the more secular “Indian culture” of Bollywood. In contrast to Mamdani, this identity is the surest way to destroy his social capital in the community whose political approval he seeks. That’s why his spiel is “I don’t care for identity” (news flash: those whose votes you seek do!) or “my identity is similar to yours” (news flash: it isn’t).
In my book The Gunda Liberal, I take a deep dive into identity and group behavior, and how history has been shaped by our notion of “us”.