Adenoviruses cause everything from the common cold to pink eye.
People have long talked about making a vaccine to prevent colds, but there are no adenovirus vaccines on the market.
But I recently learned (from
@salonium?) that there *is* one available for the U.S. military.
"The vaccine is approved for military personnel 17 through 50 years of age," according to the CDC. It's given to "military recruits entering basic training." And it is designed specifically to prevent infections from adenovirus types 4 and 7, which often cause GI issues and conjunctivitis, or pneumonia and bronchitis, respectively.
For context, adenovirus types 1-7 all cause the common cold, too. The most severe cold symptoms, though, are often caused by adenovirus type 14, and there are no vaccines for that one. There are 49 types of adenoviruses that infect humans, each differing in their capsids and proteins used to latch onto host cells and invade them.
Anyway, back to this vaccine.
It was developed after WWII because a bunch of military trainess were getting sick. A microbiologist, Maurice Hilleman, was involved in developing **more than 40 different vaccines** during his career at E.R. Squibb & Sons (now Bristol-Myers Squibb), and later at the U.S. Army Medical Center, which he joined in 1948.
Hilleman once flew to Fort Leonard Wood in Missouri to "investigate a suspected influenza outbreak among Army troops," but instead isolated "multiple strains of a newly discovered type of virus—the group that would eventually be named adenoviruses."
By 1956, Hilleman's team had made an adenovirus vaccine against types 4 and 7. A separate vaccine, developed at the NIH, "protected against type 3 in addition to types 4 and 7" according to a website on the History of Vaccines:
historyofvaccines.org/vaccin…
The vaccine was given to military recruits by 1971. In 1994, the manufacturer stopped making it. All stocks were gone by 1999. "In 2001, the Army provided funds to re-establish an adenovirus vaccine, and the government contracted with a manufacturer to restore a production line for adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccine tablets. The vaccine was licensed in March 2011, and the U.S. military deployed it to training facilities beginning in October 2011."
I'm not entirely sure why this vaccine isn't available to the general public, and I'd like to learn much more about this story. Let me know if you know anything about it! I'd love to talk with you. A screenshot of the classic Maurice Hilleman paper, published in 1958, is also below and can easily be found online.