A post I made 7 years ago on another forum that I think is worth sharing:
There's so many lessons in thinking seriously about the technology of space settlement from the past human settlement. The most important one, though, is one I can barely put in to words. As recently as a generation ago, it was understood that engineering was a process of working "with the grain" of the materials, the technology, the site. When I first studied architecture, for example, one was taught to study the site, the trees that would be preserved, to think about the sun and the shadows, the slope, the drainage of the site. Woodworking, then as now, is something one has to pay close attention to the material and understand that this piece of wood is not quite like that one -- and a generation ago, wood was much more commonly an engineering material. Composites still convey something of that attitude.
Now, we have so much power, so much machinery, that all too often those subtleties pass us by. Building sites are first scalloped by bulldozer until every site is just like every other. Margins in machine design are made high enough that only in the highest performing applications does one strive for elegance in structural design.
Whenever, and wherever, our first settlements off the Earth take place, we will find ourselves once again challenged by Nature, and forced to use the least amount of energy that will get the job done.
It's so easy to look back on the technologies of five or ten centuries back and think they have nothing to teach us. But that simply isn't true. Will we need to do the same things they did? Of course not. But our challenges will need to learn some of the same attitudes.
The Thule culture of hunter-gatherers made the Arctic ice their highway. They did it by inventing an "in-situ refueling" transportation technology -- the dogsled. By domesticating *carnivores* as transportation instead of herbivores, they gained the capability in the Arctic to "refuel" their transportation by hunting, in a land where there were no plants to feed to the herbivores other cultures depended on.
The Polynesian seafaring canoe, adapted again and again to the trees found on a new island, a sophisticated technology of wood-shaping tools, made from basalt rocks ground down, shells, polished with stones, drilled with pump drills, fibers from coconut made in to cord, sails, rigging. Techniques to bring not just food and water, but whole ecosystems -- live plants, seedling trees, domestic animals.
Space settlement is going to require us to really rethink how we make things, what materials and techniques we use, until where we might look at the gray soil of Luna as a barren place, the trained eyes of a future generation will see the rocks and the regolith, the slopes and the rilles and the lava tubes, as rich resources.