The Intel 4004 was made possible because of Bob Noyce's Rubylith process. This was all cut by hand. Pretty neat!
The #Intel 4004, let’s zoom into the chip in one swing! 🎥

Oct 30, 2025 · 6:35 PM UTC

13
140
11
1,401
Replying to @MakeAugusta
What's impressive is that Intel apparently stayed with the Rubylith process through the 8086!! en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubyli…
1
36
They got really good at it. Other companies had to come up with new technology just to compete.
1
10
Replying to @MakeAugusta
I have a 4004 chip and got to SEM it and tried to just delve a tiny bit into the fabrication of it along with some other early technologies: matt.engineer/single-post5.h…
1
3
Replying to @MakeAugusta
I remember when I started my first job in the semiconductor industry (analog/RF stuff) in the late 90s, there were still some huge light tables in the company basement that had been used to do layouts in the 70s/80s.
14
Replying to @MakeAugusta
Reminds me of the scribe coat that my mom used in the 60s and 70s to make maps. They would use special tools and templates to etch away the coating to make a mask for blueprints, etc. Which reminds me of the blueprinting machine I operated while a student at university. Ah, ammonia. And old drawings on onion skin that you're terrified of tearing and really should have been put in archives.
2
Replying to @MakeAugusta
pretty sure no one completely understands how CPUs work
2
2
Replying to @MakeAugusta
One of these guys probably influenced the other.
1
Replying to @MakeAugusta
Cool as fuck
1
Replying to @MakeAugusta
This is how a stranded via ended up in the middle of the die. The vias are masked in a different layer than the metalization. They removed a trace in one of the metal layers and left the via, since it didn't matter any more.
Replying to @MakeAugusta
robert robert robert. I wonder who's work he stole
Replying to @MakeAugusta
Genius
Replying to @MakeAugusta
Nooooo! 🤯
From chemicals to gas to energy solutions, we invest with discipline and partner with purpose to generate long-term value.
16
29
346