Orange juice improves insulin resistance and gut bacteria.
“These results suggested that a daily consumption of orange had a positive effect on the intestinal microbiota and metabolic biomarkers of young women, which may be an effective alternative for a healthy drink.”
HOMA-IR estimates insulin resistance.
Lower HOMA-IR implies higher insulin sensitivity.
HOMA-IR scores:
2.4 — baseline
1.9 — after 30 days OJ
1.4 — after 60 days OJ
2.0 — 30 days after stopping OJ
PMID: 30638420
Orange juice helps lower endotoxin and the associated metabolic damage.
↓ Insulin
↓ Blood sugar
↓ Inflammation
↓ Blood endotoxin
↓ Endotoxin immune response
Participants were given meals of egg-muffin and sausage-muffin sandwiches and two hash-brown
potatoes that contained 81 g of carbohydrates, 51 g of fat, and 32 g of protein.
They had one of 3 drinks with the meal: water, glucose+water, or orange juice with the same amount of natural sugar.
All parameters were much improved with orange juice compared to water or sugar water.
“The combination of glucose or water and the high-fat, high-carb meal induced oxidative and inflammatory stress and an increase in TLR (endotoxin receptor) expression and plasma endotoxin concentrations. In contrast, orange juice intake with the high-fat, high-carb meal prevented meal-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress, including the increase in endotoxin and TLR expression...
This is also relevant to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance because TLR4 and TLR2 were incriminated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. The expression of TLR4 is observed in atherosclerotic plaques, whereas TLR4 deletion protects mice from atherosclerosis and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet.”
PMID: 20200256