Vince touches on a key point here.
Reserves don’t grow the economy, fiscal spending does. Likewise, shrinking reserves don’t contract the economy, because reserves aren’t a source of credit or demand. They’re simply the liquidity that banks use to settle payments within the central bank’s system.
However, reserves are operationally necessary. They anchor the central bank’s ability to maintain its target interest rate. As the economy expands and payment volumes rise, the demand for reserves typically increases.
If reserve balances aren’t in line with that demand, lending rates can rise as banks compete for scarce settlement balances, creating unnecessary upward pressure in funding markets. A version of this has been underway since mid Sept.
Broadly, the solution isn’t to “use reserves to stimulate growth,” but to manage them to stabilize the policy rate as fiscal policy drives real economic expansion.
Explicitly linking reserve supply to nominal GDP growth (as in establishing an explicit GDP-targeting framework) would ensure that monetary operations remain aligned with fiscal capacity.
So, the Fed can create all the reserves it wants, and that can have an affect on asset markets via the channel Vince describes. But if it’s real economic growth that’s desired, you can’t put the cart before the horse.
More “money printing” occurs from QT than QE as rates are usually higher during QT.
Let me try and set up the foundation. There’s the gov (public sector) and then the non gov (private sector). Commercial banks are weird quasi entities that exist inbetween. They act as agents of the government but are also private companies. When the fed (who is another agent of the gov) swaps assets with commercial banks and those assets stay on bank balance sheets nothing happens. Banks cannot lend reserves. So the government loading banks up with reserves doesn’t mean much. It’s a critical error that even highly respected economists make. Short story, Bernanke is on record saying he conducted QE in 2008 to increase bank lending. He was the chairman of the Fed, and didn’t know that banks don’t lend reserves. Back to the point. So, so far we’ve got gov/Fed swapping assets with commercial banks. Now, a commercial bank cant do much with a reserve they can’t lend it they can’t spend it, but they can swap it for a treasury from a qualified entity in the private sector (pension fund). This is why for a short period, QE juices risk assets. When a commercial bank buys a treasury from a pension fund, the only legally allowable thing that pension fund can do with it is use it to buy a risk asset.
Note: all of this was just swapping, no new increase in net financial assets occurred.